سنجش پایداری اجتماعی در محله‌های سنتی، مقایسه تطبیقی محلات سنگی، عاشوری و شکری شهر بوشهر
محورهای موضوعی : کالبدی
احسان حیدرزاده
1
(استادیار شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران)
محمدرضا حقی
2
(استادیار شهرسازی، گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
علیرضا صفایی
3
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد باززنده سازی شهری، دانشگاه ساپینزا، رم، ایتالیا.)
کلید واژه: پایداری اجتماعی, محلات سنتی, تاب‌آوری اجتماعی, شهر بوشهر,
چکیده مقاله :
معضلات اجتماعی یکی از مسائل مهم بافت‌های سنتی شهرهای ایران است که می‌توان از آن به عنوان ناپایداری اجتماعی یاد کرد. کم‌توجهی به این مسائل سبب شده است علی‌رغم اجرای برنامه‌ها و پروژه‌های مختلف، محلات سنتی همچنان از ابعاد کالبدی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی با معضلاتی بسیار درگیر باشند. به همین منظور پژوهش حاضر، پیمایشی مقطعی برای تحلیل پایداری اجتماعی در سه محله سنتی سنگی، عاشوری و شکری در شهر بوشهر را دنبال نموده است. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنین این محلات است که از میان آنها، 201 نفر (76 نفر به ازای هر محله) به عنوان نمونه به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند. پس از پیمایش میدانی و تکمیل پرسشنامه‌ها، داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار SPSS وارد شده و با مدل‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و رگرسیون چندمتغیره خطی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند. مطابق یافته‌ها، 22 شاخص پایداری اجتماعی را می‌توان در 6 عامل تعامل و سرمایه اجتماعی، کیفیت زندگی و اعتماد نهادی، برابری و عدالت اجتماعی، رضایتمندی و امنیت اجتماعی، سلامت اجتماعی و تاب‌آوری کالبدی دسته‌بندی نمود که در مجموع، بیش از 67 درصد از واریانس پایداری اجتماعی محلات را تبیین می‌کنند. مدل رگرسیونی نیز نشان می‌دهد عوامل تعامل و سرمایه اجتماعی، تاب‌آوری کالبدی و کیفیت زندگی و اعتماد نهادی به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر را بر رضایتمندی اهالی نسبت به محله دارند. از مقایسه وضعیت سه محله نیز چنین برمی‌آید که محله عاشوری بهترین وضعیت (305/1)، محله سنگی وضعیت متعادل (055/0-) و محله شکری نازل‌ترین وضعیت (25/1-) را به لحاظ پایداری اجتماعی داشته‌اند.
Abdullahzadeh, S., Arjomand, M., Aminpour, A. (2017). Dimensions of Social Sustainability in the Body of Traditional Neighborhoods of Iran, Case Study: Shiraz Black Stone Neighborhood, Armanshahr Architecture and Urban Planning, Year 10, No. 19, 35-34 (In Persian).
Ali, H., Al-Betawi, Y., Al-Qudah, H. (2019). Effects of urban form on social sustainability – A case study of Irbid, Jordan, International Journal of Urban sustainable Development, Vol. 11: 203-222.
Almahmoud, E., Kumar Doloi, H. (2020). Identifying the key factors in construction projects that affect neighbourhood social sustainability, Facilities, Vol. 38, No. 11/12: 765-782.
Arnett, H. (2017). The challenges in quantifying social sustainability at a neighborhood level, Cities & Health, Vol. 1, No. 2: 139–140.
Asgari, J., Estelaji, A. (2021). The role of social capital in the physical development of rural settlements studied in rural settlements of Garmsar city, Quarterly of New Attitudes in Human Geography, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp.755-770. (In Persian)
Bushehr worn texture improvement and renovation plan (2013). Tehran Specialized Parent Company and Iran Urban Improvement, Bushehr Civil and Housing Builders Company, Neighborhood Studies Report, Volume One, Project Consultant: Baghe-Andisheh. (In Persian).
Chan, H., Hu, T., Fan, P. (2019). Social sustainability of urban regeneration led by industrial land development in Taiwan, European Planning Studies, Vol. 27: 1245-1269.
Dave, S. (2011). Neighborhood density and social sustainability in cities of developing countries, Sustainable Development, Vol. 19 (3): 189–205.
Eizenberg, E., Jabareen, Y. (2017). Social Sustainability: A New Conceptual Framework, Sustainability, Vol. 9: 1-16.
Ghahiee, B., malekhosseini, A., Rahmani, B. (2019). Factors influencing the social sustainable development of Arak, Quarterly of New Attitudes in Human Geography, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 115-135. (In Persian)
Gu, Zh., Zhang, X. (2021). Framing social sustainability and justice claims in urban regeneration: A comparative analysis of two cases in Guangzhou, Land Use Policy, 102, 105224, pp. 1-9.
Hafezifar, M., Habib, F., Zabihi, H. (2019). Structural Interpretive Analysis of Criteria and Indicators of Social Sustainability in Urban Neighborhoods (Case Study: Ardabil Neighborhoods), Geography and Development, No. 57, 48-31 (In Persian).
Hassanzadeh, Z., Farrokhzad, M. (2017). A Review of Social Sustainability Indicators in Architecture and Urban Planning, Third Annual Conference on Architectural, Urban Planning and Urban Management Research, Shiraz (In Persian).
Hayati, S. (2021). Interaction between social vitality and identit The axis of human development: a survey research. Journal of Economic & Developmental Sociology, 10(1), 183-217. (In Persian).
Hosseinpour, B. (2020). Evaluation of social sustainability indicators in the neighborhoods of the 15th metropolitan area of Tehran, Sixth National Conference on Knowledge and Technology of Educational Sciences, Social Studies and Psychology of Iran, Tehran (In Persian).
Hovardas, T. (2021). Social Sustainability as Social Learning: Insights from Multi-Stakeholder Environmental Governance, Sustainability, Vol. 13, 7744: 1-20.
Janssen, C., A. Daamen, T., Verdaas, C. (2021). Planning for Urban Social Sustainability: Towards a Human-Centred Operational Approach, Sustainability, Vol. 13: 1-17.
Jorabloo, M., Jorabloo, M., Jafari, A., Dadkhah Joybari, T. (2016). Experimental study of socio-cultural factors affecting the social responsibility of citizens in District 4 of Tehran Municipality, Urban Sociological Studies, 6(19), 113-140. (In Persian).
Karuppannan, S., Sivam, A. (2011). Social sustainability and neighborhood design: an investigation of residents’ satisfaction in Delhi. Local Environment, Vol. 16 (9): 849–870.
Kohon, J. (2018). Social inclusion in the sustainable neighborhood? Idealism of urban social sustainability theory complicated by realities of community planning practice, City, Culture and Society, Vol. 15: 14-22.
Larimian, T., Freeman, C., Palaiologou, F., Sadeghi, N. (2020). Urban social sustainability at the neighbourhood scale: measurement and the impact of physical and personal factors, Local Environment, 1-18.
Larimian, T., Sadeghi, A. (2019). Measuring urban social sustainability: Scale development and validation, Urban Analytics and City Science, 0(0): 1–17.
Mafi, E., Abdullahzadeh, M. (2017). Assessment, Social Sustainability, Mashhad Metropolis, Research, Urban Ecology, Vol. 8, No. 1, 78-65 (In Persian).
Maleki, S., Amiri, M., Moradimofrad, S., Jokar, S. (2016). The role of Social trust in advance the goals urban management towards sustainable development. Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 5(18), 89-102. (In Persian).
Nastaran, M., Ghasemi, V., Hadi Zadeh Zargar, S. (2013). Evaluation of Social Sustainability Indicators Using Network Analysis Process (ANP), Applied Sociology, Year 24, No. 3, 173-155 (In Persian).
Navabakhsh, M., Pourmousavi, S., Tajik, Z. (2013). A Comparative Study of Indicators of Sustainable Social Development of Tehran Metropolis Case Study: Areas 6 and 10, Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Year 13, Issue 29, 194-179 (In Persian).
Opp, S. M. (2016). The forgotten pillar: a definition for the measurement of social sustainability in American cities, Local Environment, Vol. 22 (3): 286–305.
Pitarch-Garrido, M. (2018). Social Sustainability in Metropolitan Areas: Accessibility and Equity in the Case of the Metropolitan Area of Valencia (Spain), Sustainability, Vol. 10: 1-16.
Qaraei, A., Zebardast, E., Majidi, H. (2018). Explaining the Relationship between City Form and Social Sustainability, Case Study: 22 Districts of Tehran, Physical Development Planning, Third Year, No. 11, 93-79 (In Persian).
Rakee, N., Haghighatian, M., Jahanjesh, E. (2018). Sociological Explanation of Social Sustainability in Tabriz Localities, 8(31), 63-82. (In Persian).
Rashidfarokhi, A., Yrjänä, L., Wallenius, M., Toivonen, S., Ekroos, A., Viitanen, K. (2018). Social sustainability tool for assessing land use planning Processes, European Planning Studies, Vol. 26, Issue 6: 1-28.
Razzaqi Asl, S., Khoshqadam, F. (2017). Assessing the Factors for Improving Social Sustainability in Recreation from the Perspective of Residents (Case Study: Shiva Neighborhood of Tehran), Urban Studies, No. 22, 73-59 (In Persian).
Rey-Marti, A., Dıaz-Foncea, M., Alguacil-Marı, P. (2021). The determinants of social sustainability in work integration social enterprises: the effect of entrepreneurship, Economic Research, Volume 34, Issue 1: 1-19.
Rezvani, M., Motiei Langroudi, S., Pourtaheri, M., Azizi, F. (2015). Immigration and Development - Sustainable Social in Rural Areas (Case Study: Immigrant Villages in the Metropolitan Area of Tehran), Regional Planning, Fifth Year, No. 19, 84-71 (In Persian).
Rocak, M., Hospers, G., Reverda, N. (2016). Searching for Social Sustainability: The Case of the Shrinking City of Heerlen, The Netherlands, Sustainability, Vol. 8: 1-22.
Rogge, N., Theesfeld, I., Strassner, C. (2018). Social Sustainability through Social Interaction - A National Survey on Community Gardens in Germany, Vol. 10: 1-18.
Shahabian, P., Pirayegar, M. (2013). Investigating the level of social stability in Motahhari and 22 Bahman streets of Rasht, Armanshahr, No. 11, 372-363 (In Persian).
Sheikhi, M., Jomehpour, M., Sajjadi, A. (2018). Measuring the Relationship between Citizens' Satisfaction with Environmental Quality and Social Sustainability, Urban Planning Knowledge, Second Year, No. 4, 19-31 (In Persian).
Shirazi, M., Keivani, R. (2017). Critical reflections on the theory and practice of social sustainability in the built environment – a meta-analysis, Local Environment, Vol. 22, Issue 12: 1-20.
Shirazi, M., Keivani, R., Brownill, S., Butina Watson, G. (2020). Promoting Social Sustainability of Urban Neighbourhoods: The Case of Bethnal Green, London, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1-25.
Stevenson, N. (2020). The contribution of community events to social sustainability in local neighbourhoods, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1808664, pp.1-16.
Stupar, A., Jovanovic, P., Vojvodic, J. (2020). Strengthening the social sustainability of super-blocks: Belgrade’s Emerging Urban Hubs, Sustainability, Vol. 12 (903): 1-23.
Tavakolinia, J., Mohamadyan, H., Zarghami, S. (2020). Analyzing the impacts of quality of public space on social sustainability The case of Tajrish neighborhood. Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning, 15(1), 85-100. (In Persian).
Tavana, M., Nourian, F. (2017). Measuring Social Sustainability in Scattered Neighborhoods, Case Study: Shadabad Neighborhood of Tehran, Human Geography Research, Vol. 49, No. 4, 900-885 (In Persian).
Vallance, S., Perkins, H. C., Dixon, J. (2011). What is social sustainability? A clarification of concepts, Geoforum, Vol. 42: 342-348.
Weingaertner, C., Moberg, A. (2014). Exploring social sustainability: learning from perspectives on urban development and companies and products. Sustainable Development, Vol. 22 (2): 122–133.
Yoo, Ch., Lee, S. (2016). Neighborhood Built Environments Affecting Social Capital and Social Sustainability in Seoul, Korea, Sustainability, Vol. 8: 1-22.